Cells- Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis is the procedure plants use to capture the Sun's energy and change it into sugar and energy.

Cells- Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration: Cellular respiration is the procedure that plants and animal cells use to convert sugar into energy that they can use.

Cells- Specialized Plant Cells

Specialized Plant Cells

Examples of specialized plant cells and their functions:

- Root cells: Soak up water and nutrients from the soil and move them to the stem.

- Stem cells: Carry water and other materials throughout the plant.

- Leaf cells: Contains chloroplasts which turn the sun's energy into food.

Cells- Specialized Animal Cells

Specialized Animal Cells

Examples of specialized animal cells:

- Bone cells give structure to the body

- Eye cells sense light

- Blood cells transport oxygen throughout the body

- Fat cells store unused energy

- Skin cells provide protection to inner organs

- Muscle cells convert energy into movement

- Nerve and brain cells send messages to parts of the body

Cells- Multicellular Organisms and Specialized Cells

Multicellular Organisms and Specialized Cells

Multicellular Cells:
Multicellular organisms have many cells, and many different types of cells, and they rely on a variety of specialized cells to function.

Specialized Cells:
Specialized cells are cells within an organism that perform special functions. Specialized cells work together to help organisms do basic things such as taste, feel, digest food, circulate blood, and breath.

Cells - The Amoeba

The Amoeba

An amoeba is an unicellular organism. They are usually found in fresh water or salt water, wet decaying plants, or wet soil. They can also live on other organisms, such as a dog or a tree. Some amoebas can cause harm, such as diseases. Amoebas can be carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores. Amoebas are predators who hunt and eat other organisms like algae and bacteria. Amoebas use pseudopods to change shape and move. This ability allows them to surround their prey and eat them. Amoebas get rid of waste through their cell membrane. 

Cells - How Unicellular Organisms Move

How Unicellular Organisms Move

There are several ways in which unicellular cells move.

Cilia: Celia (like tiny hairs) work like the oars of a boat. They allow a unicellular organism to move. An example of an unicellular organism that uses cilia to move around is a Paramecia. 

Flagellum: Flagellum works like a tail to allow on unicellular organism to move by speeding ahead. An unicellular organism that uses this method to move is E. coli. 

Pseudopods: Pseudopods are parts of an organism that looks like feet. This allows an unicellular organism to change shape. An unicellular organism that uses this to move around is an amoeba. 

Cells- Unicellular Organisms

Unicellular Organisms

Unicellular Organisms: Unicellular organisms are organisms that have just one cell. Their size is as small as a speck of dust, and they can live in water, in soil, and in or on organisms that have more cells than they do. Unicellular organisms can be harmful, but many also make life on Earth possible.

Examples:
Phytoplankton live in the ocean, where they are the basic food source for other organisms.
Bacteria are decomposes, so they help to break down the matter in an organism whit it dies. They convert the nitrogen in soil into a form that can support plant life.

Cells- Osmosis

Osmosis

Osmosis: Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of high concentration of water (area with a lot of water) to an area of low concentration of water (area with less water) across a selectively permeable membrane.

Cells- Diffusion

Diffusion

Diffusion: The process of diffusion is when particles move from areas of high concentration (area with many particles) to areas of low concentration (area with few particles). This movement continues until there is a balanced or equal number of particles in both areas.

Cells- Cells And Permeability

Cells And Permeability

Why is a cell membrane selectively permeable?
A cell membrane is selectively permeable because it must only allow certain needs to enter it.

Why can't a cell membrane be impermeable?
A cell membrane cannot be impermeable because then it would not be able to take in its needs such as water and oxygen.

Why shouldn't a cell membrane be completely permeable?
A cell membrane shouldn't be completely permeable because then it would allow unneeded and harmful fluids and substances such as toxins and poisons to enter it.

Cells- What Goes In And Out Of A Cell

What Goes In And Out Of A Cell

What needs to stay in a cell?
Water and oxygen needs to stay in the cell.

What needs to leave a cell?
Carbon dioxide and waste needs to leave a cell.

What should never enter a cell?
Toxins and poisons should never enter a cell.

Cells- Permeable And Impermeable

Permeable And Impermeable

Permeable: Permeable means that a substance or something can pass through easily. An example of this is a sheet of paper. If water were to come in contact with this material, the water would soak the paper and cause the water to go through. 

Impermeable: Impermeable means that something does not allow a substance of material to pass through easily. An example of this is a sheet of glass. If water were to come in contact with this specific material, the water would not be able to pass through.

Cells - Plant And Animal Cells: What They Have In Common

Plant And Animal Cells: What They Have In Common

A plant cell and an animal cell are two different types of cells. Although, they both share some of the same kinds of parts. Some of these parts are:

• Organelles
• Cytoplasm
• Cell membrane

Both kinds of cells use organelles which are microscopic parts found in cells that have particular jobs. They also contain a jelly-like substance called cytoplasm, which holds the organelles in place. In both cells, the organelles and cytoplasm are kept in place by a cell membrane, which is a slim covering acting as a protection. 

Cells - Animal Cells

Animal Cells

Animal cells have various different parts, such as:

• Golgi Apparatus
• Lysosome
• Ribosomes
• Cell Membrane
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Nucleolus
• Mitochondrion
• Cytoplasm

These are just some of the many parts of a animal cell, and just as plant cells, they all have very important roles. 

Cells - Plant Cells

Plant Cells

In plant cells, there are several different parts, such as:

• Cell Wall
• Vacuole
• Chloroplast
• Nucleus
• Mitochondria
• Cell Membrane
• Ribosomes
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Golgi Apparatus
• Lysosomes

These are some of the most important parts to a plant cell and they all have unique and important roles to play in a cell. 

Cells - Compound Light Microscope

Compound Light Microscope

This is a kind of microscope that uses light which is focused through many lenses to create a close up image of a sample of just about anything.

There are several parts to a compound light microscope, but there are six main parts:

1) Diaphragm

2) Fine Adjustment Knob

3) Objective Knob

4) Stage

5) Coarse Adjustment Knob

6) Eyepiece/Ocular Lens



The diaphragm allows various amounts of light to be passed through.

The fine adjustment knob is what you use to sharpen the image of what you are looking at.

The objective lenses are the three lenses which enlarges the image of what you are looking at.

The stage is where you can settle the slide which contains the specimen you will be viewing.

The coarse adjustment knob is used to move the stage up and down.

The eyepiece/ocular lens is the part which allows you to look through and see the specimen



And that was the compound light microscope. There are other parts to this kind of microscope, such as the arm, base, body tube, revolving nosepiece, objectives, stage clips, and the light source.

Cells - Cell Theory

Cell Theory

1) Everything on Earth (Yes, EVERYTHING) is made up of cells.

2) There are organisms with one cell and organisms with more than on cell.

3) Every single new organism or thing comes from a cell that already exists.



And there you have it! That is the Cell Theory!